Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2004) - Saint Helena (2002)

Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2004) z Saint Helena (2002)

	Holy See (Vatican City) (2004)	Saint Helena (2002)

Administrative divisions	none	1 administrative area and 2 dependencies; Ascension, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 18.8% (male 698; female 678) 15-64 years: 71.9% (male 2,727; female 2,531) 65 years and over: 9.3% (male 296; female 387) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, crawfish (on Tristan da Cunha)
Airports	none (2003 est.)	1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 0.44 sq km land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 410 sq km land: 410 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes St. Helena Island, Ascension, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha, which consists of Tristan da Cunha Island, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island, and the three Nightingale Islands
Area - comparative	about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background	Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, international development, the Middle East, terrorism, the failing health of Pope JOHN PAUL II, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith.	Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Ascension Island is the site of a US Air Force auxiliary airfield; Gough Island has a meteorological station.
Birth rate	-	13.26 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $245.2 million expenditures: $260.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2002)	revenues: $11.2 million expenditures: $11 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92)
Capital	Vatican City	Jamestown
Climate	temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)	Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	60 km
Constitution	new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)	1 January 1989
Country name	conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Helena
Currency	euro (EUR)	Saint Helenian pound (SHP)
Death rate	-	6.29 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	-	$NA
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00153 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box 66, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428 FAX: [39] (06) 575-8346	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Gabriel MONTALVO chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121 FAX: [1] (202) 337-4036	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	none	$12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)
Economy - overview	This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by an annual contribution from Roman Catholic dioceses throughout the world, as well as by special collections (known as Peter's Pence); the sale of postage stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos; fees for admission to museums; and the sale of publications. Investments and real estate income also account for a sizable portion of revenue. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.	The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $5 million in 1997 or almost one-half of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, the raising of livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	4.65 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	NA kWh	5 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: unnamed location 19 m highest point: unnamed location 75 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification	-
Ethnic groups	Italians, Swiss, other	African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003),1.1324 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)	Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6047 (1997); note - the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978) head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 1 December 1990) cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor and Commander in Chief David HOLLAMBY (since NA June 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex officio officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch
Exports	0 kWh	$704,000 f.o.b. (1995)
Exports - commodities	-	fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts
Exports - partners	-	South Africa, UK
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $18 million (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $2,500 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	NA%
Geographic coordinates	41 54 N, 12 27 E	15 56 S, 5 42 W
Geography - note	urban; landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights	harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns
Highways	none; all city streets	total: 158 km (Saint Helena 118 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km) paved: 138 km (Saint Helena 98km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km) unpaved: 20 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy	$14.434 million c.i.f. (1995)
Imports - commodities	-	food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts
Imports - partners	-	UK, South Africa
Independence	11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps, a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities	construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing
Infant mortality rate	-	21.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	3.2% (1997 est.)
International organization participation	CE (observer), IAEA, ICFTU, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WIPO, WToO (observer), WTrO (observer)	ICFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pius XII on 1 May 1946	Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court
Labor force	NA	3,500 note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	essentially services with a small amount of industry; note - dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican	agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2001)	arable land: 12.9% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.1% (1998 est.)
Languages	Italian, Latin, French, various other languages	English
Legal system	based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to it	NA
Legislative branch	unicameral Pontifical Commission	unicameral Legislative Council (16 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 27 June 2001 (next to be held NA June 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 77.2 years male: 74.31 years female: 80.23 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 100% male: NA female: NA	definition: age 20 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 97% female: 98% (1987 est.)
Location	Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)	islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa
Map references	Europe	Africa
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City to provide security and protect the Pope	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	Swiss Guards Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera)	-
National holiday	Coronation Day of Pope JOHN PAUL II, 22 October (1978)	Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Nationality	noun: none adjective: none	noun: Saint Helenian(s) adjective: Saint Helenian
Natural hazards	NA	active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha
Natural resources	none	fish
Net migration rate	-	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)	none
Population	921 (July 2004 est.)	7,317 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	NA%
Population growth rate	0.01% (2004 est.)	0.7% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown
Radio broadcast stations	AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 2 (1998)	AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	3,000 (1997)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	Roman Catholic	Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	limited to cardinals less than 80 years old	NA years of age
Telephone system	general assessment: automatic exchange domestic: tied into Italian system international: country code - 39; uses Italian system	general assessment: can communicate worldwide domestic: automatic network international: HF radiotelephone from Saint Helena to Ascension which is a major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK ; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	2,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	0 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1996)	0 note: television programs are received in St. Helena via satellite and distributed by cable (2002)
Terrain	low hill	Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains note: the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin
Total fertility rate	-	1.53 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	14% (1998 est.)
Waterways	-	none

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